Childhood Obesity Is An Epidemic - 878 Words

Childhood obesity is an epidemic that has been spreading around the United States like a wild fire in a dry field, increasing more and more without much resistance to stop it from spreading. The SPARK PE program was created in 1989, and aims to be that resistance against childhood obesity, with carefully planned programs in hopes of showing the youths of America that exercise and proper nutrition can lead to a successful, healthy life (SPARK). SPARK aims at achieving this goal by carefully planning out different physically beneficial activities, while also making sure that they are popular with the students in hopes of the students continuing the activities outside the classroom. SPARK, or â€Å"Sports, Play, Active, Recreation for, Kids†, isn’t only aimed to improve solely physical attributes for children, but also aims to improve environmental and behavioral change at the same time (SPARK). These planned programs include a classroom recess program, an after school program, along with the Coordinated School Health Initiative (SPARK). The SPARK PE program is an elite organization who’s goal is to ensure that today’s youth grow up healthy, while at the same time making sure they’re having fun doing it with their classroom recess activities, after school activities, and the Coordinated School Health Initiative. Student’s experience in the classroom and at recess should be a time of joy and happiness, while at the same time learning skills that will greatly benefit them inShow MoreRelatedObesity : Childhood Obesity Epidemic1418 Words   |  6 Pageshis article â€Å"There is no Childhood Obesity Epidemic† discussed the there is a â€Å"stunning† drop in childhood obesity rate. He claims that obesity rates among two to five year olds have plunged over the past decade, and that the so called â€Å"obesity epidemic† had ended. I strongly disagree with Campos view that there is no childhood obesity e pidemic, this is due to the researches that was done by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention which shows that childhood obesity has more than doubled inRead MoreThe Epidemic Of Childhood Obesity1216 Words   |  5 Pagesintervening in order to combat the epidemic of childhood obesity claim that, â€Å"parents who strive to keep their kids healthy may not have all the tools they need to do so† (â€Å"Childhood Obesity.† Issues Controversies). Therefore supporters agree that the government â€Å"should step in and enable parents to do the best job they can† (â€Å"Childhood Obesity.† Issues Controversies). Joe Thompson, â€Å"director of the Rober Wood Foundation Center to prevent Childhood Obesity† claims that not all parents are ableRead MoreChildhood Obesity : An Epidemic876 Words   |  4 PagesChildhood Obesity Childhood obesity is more than a major issue in the United States: it is an epidemic. The number of overweight and obese children in America has increased at an alarming rate over the past years. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, childhood obesity has more than doubled in children and tripled in adolescents in the past 30 years [1]. American Heart Association stated, â€Å"Today one in three American kids and teens are overweight or obese; nearly triple theRead MoreChildhood Obesity : An Epidemic834 Words   |  4 PagesIn the United States, childhood obesity is an epidemic and in the past 30 years, childhood obesity have had nearly tripled. There are 31 % of American children and adolescents are either overweight or obese. And according to the numbers, more than 23 million of American children are either overweight or obese and more than 12 million are obese (National Conference of State Legislatures, 2013). The complications of obesity in the childhood period are broad, those include but limited to: hypertensionRead MoreChildhood Obesity : An Epidemic1036 Words   |  5 PagesRainsu Kumbhani All About Childhood Obesity Childhood obesity is an epidemic in U.S. In the year of 2012, about â€Å"one third of children and adolescents were overweight or obese.† Also, percentages of childhood obesity have increased by over ten percent in the last thirty years in children and adolescents (Childhood Obesity Facts 2015). These statistics are shocking, and many people are concerned for the health of their children. This medical condition, as defined by Mayo Clinic, leads to seriousRead MoreThe Epidemic Of Childhood Obesity Essay1053 Words   |  5 PagesThe Epidemic of Childhood Obesity Childhood obesity continues to increase substantially each generation, especially here in the United States. Today, children have become more lazy while eating unhealthy and in excess. This trend ultimately results in increased healthcare problems throughout their life. Childhood obesity has increased because children eat in excess, they are allowed to eat food which is unhealthy, they lack the exercise needed to maintain a healthy weight, and are permittedRead MoreChildhood Obesity : An Epidemic Essay1641 Words   |  7 PagesChildhood obesity is an epidemic in America. Many experts like doctors and dietitians have narrowed the epidemic to a few causes some being lack of exercise, genetics, and food insecurity. Exercise and genetics could lead to obesity in the way that you need exercise to burn fat and some people are genetically more inclined to store more fat. Obesity is having excessive amount of fat that could lead to other health problem which is scary to think that childhood obesity is something that is on theRead MoreThe Epidemic of Childhood Obesity2154 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction Childhood obesity is an epidemic that goes on throughout the United States. Studies have shown how obesity in children may start, and how it affects each and every child in America. Childhood obesity has been getting attention in the media from famous celebrities all the way to the First Lady of the United States. There are many things that cause childhood obesity and very few ways to stop it. However, there are people out there who are trying to help by getting children active, eatingRead MoreThe Epidemic Of Childhood Obesity3013 Words   |  13 Pages The epidemic of childhood obesity Childhood obesity is an important issue because of this diseases impact over the past few years. With the changing of lifestyles, the production of children who are not as healthy as they should be has increased. Due to these results, a widespread of children being obese has occurred. The Center for Disease Control, CDC, distinguishes between being overweight and being obese. Overweight simply means that the weight is high compared to others in the same height categoryRead MoreChildhood Obesity : An Epidemic Essay1954 Words   |  8 PagesChildhood obesity is not merely an issue in the United States- it is an epidemic. The number of overweight and obese children in America has increased at an alarming rate over the past years, and there is no chance of it slowing down unless action is taken. Obesity puts children at a high risk of developing many serious illnesses. Not only do children who are obese have unhealthy weights, but they also have a high risk of having weak lungs, poor blood quality, and a variety of other sicknesses. Par ents

Pythagoras, Plato, And Plotinus - 989 Words

Philosophers have been known to take the ideas and teachings of other philosophies and then shape their own philosophies from them. Even if they do not outright claim they have done so or that they were influenced by an earlier philosophy, one can still find links between philosophers and their theories. Pythagoras, Plato, and Plotinus, though from all different historical and philosophical periods, formed philosophies similar to one another or built upon aspects from one another’s. Pythagoras (Ancient History Encyclopedia) Pythagoras, am Ionian Greek mathematician and philosopher during the naturalist period, is known for the creation of the Pythagoreanism movement. Although very little reliable information about him has been written due to the lack of his own writings, he still served as a major contributor to philosophy, religion, and mathematics. Pythagorean thought emphasized personal salvation, reincarnation, numerology, and focused on a strict religious, philosophical, and mathematical regime. Pythagoras also believed in the value and the power of numbers, believing the elements of numbers could be found in all things. He felt a person should study mathematics in an effort to pursue enlightenment and understanding of the world. Since the life of Pythagoras is greatly unknown, other than the fact that he was born in 570 BC, one can piece together the historical events which might have impacted his life and teachings. He lived during the Greek Archaic Period when theShow MoreRelatedEssay on Philosophy1146 Words   |  5 Pagesdidn’t form their hypothesis the way modern scientists would, nor did they use and experiments to check their theories. Pythagoras, from the small island of Samos, brought new philosophic theories. Pythagoras followers were called Pythagoreans, they devoted themselves to mathematics. Pythagoreans, while unlike Miletus philosophers, believed everything consist of numbers. Pythagoras biggest philosophical contribution was the concept of form. Form to them meant limit and they saw it best shown in musicRead MoreThe Greeks Were Deeply Religious People1434 Words   |  6 Pagesenslave and control their defeated opponents while Romans wouldn’t treat them as slaves, but would give them the option to be Rome’s ally and basically fight alongside them. Greek philosophy was first brought into connection with practical life Pythagoras of Samos around (582-504 BCE), from that it received its name: the love of wisdom. Regarding in the world as perfect harmony, he aimed at inducing humankind likewise to lead a harmonious life. The Greeks philosophy gave the birth of metaphysicsRead MoreA Comparison Of Porphyry s Pythagoras Life And Comments On Euclid s Elements1379 Words   |  6 Pagesgrammar. Porphyry went to Rome in AD 262. He learned Neo-Platonism from Plotinos for six years. When Plotinos died, Porphyry helped his teacher Plotinos sort out his works, and wrote a biography of Plotinus. He also has a very important position in the history of mathematics because of his Greek book â€Å"Pythagoras life† and comments on Euclid’s â€Å"Elements†. His â€Å"Introduction to Aristotle Category articles† has been used as a standard textbook logic after his death in a thousand years. In his later years,

Energy Harvesting Wireless Communications †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Energy Harvesting Wireless Communications. Answer: Introduction The report will highlight Wi-Max encryption methods, WPAN security challenges, two journal articles reviews and Telestra getting benefits from the wireless cellular network. PKMv2: This protocol has the varied properties and it contains the mutual authentication. This mutual authentication is carried out by integrating the message integrity algorithms, EAP-based protocols and RSA-based protocols, and key management protocols (Sharma Singh, 2017). The protocol is utilized for the authentic exchange of the cryptographic keys for broadcast traffic and multicast traffic. AES: Advanced Encryption Standard is based on Rijndael algorithm. This encryption method is agile and can be configured with ease. It also requires less memory compared to all other encryption standards like PKMv2 or 3DES. Thus all of them prefer this key because of all these advantageous features. The algorithm works on the 128-bit block size of data and this block size of data are arranged in a 4x4 array of bytes and this arrangement is called state. This standard is used to encipher over the air traffic. EAP: EAP protocol is used to connect a computer to the Internet, the authentication procedure that is used and supported by EAP are public key encryption authentication, token cards, smart cards and one-time passwords. The user requests for connection to the wireless network via an access point (Sharma Singh, 2017). The access point asks for ID from the user and transfers data to the authorized users server. Wireless Personal Area Network and its security challenges DDoS attacks: DDoS attacks sabotage one's computer and take the ownership of the computer system thus steal the sensitive information of the computer this kind of attack is very common and this attack generally occurs in insecure wireless personal area network (Achary Lalseta, 2017). The customers may be unaware that their system has been hacked, when they try to enter their system they will find out that their database and the system have been hacked. This can also lead to the shutdown of one's server computer as well. Malware attack: The intruders attack ones computer system via insecure network via virus attacks. The virus installed into ones system can steal ones data, can alter ones data and can even destroy ones files resides in the customer data as well. First paper review: Wireless Sensor Networks is gaining prominence due to the enhancement of Internet of Things as well as Cyber-Physical Systems. In this paper, the effective harvesting system to use the power of WSN technology for WSN environment has been showcased. Various energy predictions models have been prescribed in this paper that has the capability to embellish the energy harvested in Wireless Sensor Network (Shaikh Zeadally, 2016). This paper has also highlighted the issues that need to be detected to embellish the harvesting system for the WSN environment so that the system can be utilized in profitable and effective manner. Second paper review: This paper has highlighted the energy that is harvesting the wireless communications. All the aspects of the wireless networks like network issues, energy harvesting nodes, transmission scheduling policies, resource allocation and harvesting nodes elaborately (Ulukus et al., 2015). Various models associated with harvesting nodes have been detailed with respect to various network scales. Conclusion Wi-Max encryption procedures have been well illustrated in this report. The security challenges associated with WPAN technologies have been showcased too. The two articles have been reviewed as well. A presentation has been well demonstrated stated the benefits that Telestra can acquire from the wireless cellular network. References Achary, R., Lalseta, J. S. (2017). Internet of Things: Essential Technology, Application Domain, Privacy and Security Challenges.International Journal of Computer Applications,157(6). Shaikh, F. K., Zeadally, S. (2016). Energy harvesting in wireless sensor networks: A comprehensive review.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,55, 1041-1054. Sharma, S., Singh, H. (2017). An Effectual Approach for Security and Integrity against Wicked Node Attacks in Wi-Max Network Environment.Indian Journal of Science and Technology,10(27). Ulukus, S., Yener, A., Erkip, E., Simeone, O., Zorzi, M., Grover, P., Huang, K. (2015). Energy harvesting wireless communications: A review of recent advances.IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,33(3), 360-381.

Summary of One Voice by Madera free essay sample

My verbal language has always been a large aspect of my personality, and I believe it is also like this for everyone else. From my very early toddler years, the way I have learned to speak has been in hands of my environment, not mine. My voice is who I am, where I come from, and where I have been. I was born and raised in Washington Heights; a place very well known as a â€Å"Dominican Community†. To my advantage, I speak both English and Spanish. The first language I ever spoke was Spanish, but shortly after, I learned to speak English as well. The downside of this for me is that it can get confusing to distinctively speak the languages. I can very well read and write both languages, but when it is time to speak it is noticeable that I am stuck between the two. Some say I have a Spanish accent when I speak, I guess that is something I should work on to improve my English. We will write a custom essay sample on Summary of One Voice by Madera or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Who is responsible for my spoken form of literacy? My parents, my hometown, and my education providers. One Voice by Susan Madera is a story that I can very well relate to. Here we see how Madera struggles with her form of speech, because she speaks a language she calls â€Å"neighborhood† which she has acquired growing up. This does not affect the fact that she is an exemplary writer. â€Å"The language that I picked up on the streets was a part of me but as I grew up I wanted to get as far away from it as possible†(78); this shows that through various stages of her life, Madera has had experiences that have made her form of speech a burden to her. It is something that she is not proud of, and she considers it as a disadvantage in her life that she has to rid herself from. Her speech literacy was acquired involuntarily from her environment, her neighborhood. Our environments are responsible for our form of speech, meaning, our speech comes from our surroundings. We can choose our written literacy but, unfortunately, we cannot choose our form of spoken literacy. Written literacy is what we study, and the skills we train ourselves to learn. Speech on the other hand, is learned involuntarily by life experiences, and people we surround ourselves with as well as the places we go throughout our lives. Speech is a form of literacy that is unpracticed but yet says a million things about personality.

Bill Clinton Essay Research Paper Bill ClintonBill free essay sample

Bill Clinton Essay, Research Paper Bill Clinton Bill Clinton was born as William Jefferson Blythe III in Hope, Arkansas on August 19, 1946. He is still alive and presently serves as the president of the United States. Clinton s male parent was killed in a auto accident three months before he was born. His female parent, Virginia, was forced to go forth immature William to be brought up by his grandparents while she pursued a calling in nursing. In 1950 Clinton s female parent got married to a auto salesman named Roger Clinton. Bill was so influenced by his measure father that he changed his name to Clinton. As a child Bill Clinton was determined to be successful. He maintained good classs in school and played a outstanding function in the school set. He won foremost chair in the province set saxophone subdivision, and was selected to be a delegate in the American Legion Boy s Nation plan in Washington DC. We will write a custom essay sample on Bill Clinton Essay Research Paper Bill ClintonBill or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page While in the state s capital at the age of 16, he went to the White House and was able to agitate the president s manus. This brush with President Kennedy inspired Clinton to come in a life of Politics. As a male child William memorized Dr. King s # 8220 ; I have a dream address under his ain agreement because he found the traveling address to typify one of the state s strongest ends ; equality. Clinton so graduated from Georgetown University with a grade in international personal businesss. He became a Rhodes bookman and studied at Yale and Oxford. He graduated jurisprudence school in 1972 and went to learn jurisprudence at the University of Arkansas. William married Hilary Rodham Clinton on October 11, 1975, and in 1976 he was elected lawyer general of Arkansas. Two old ages subsequently William became the youngest U.S. governor at age 32. On February 27, 1980 Clinton s girl, Chelsea Victoria, was born. William was elected the 40 2nd president of the United provinces on November 3, 1992. Clinton was the youngest president since Kennedy and was besides the first president born after World War II. In his run, he promised revenue enhancement cuts for the in-between category, revenue enhancement additions for the wealthy, wellness attention reforms, and decreases in defence disbursement. His run besides offered good alteration in America and focused on the economic system and unemployment every bit good. During his inaugural address, Clinton radius of the ideals of America ; # 8220 ; Each coevals of Americans must specify what it means to be an American. # 8221 ; After going the first Democratic president in 13 old ages, Clinton failed to ordain the health-care reforms promised, which caused him to lose many protagonists. His engagement in the Whitewater affair didn t help his status either. However in 1996, Clinton proposed a number of favorable plans that helped the American people. Among these were his deficit reduction plan which reduced the national debt by half, but at the same time significantly reduced the number of government employees. Other beneficial plans proposed by Clinton that aided him in becoming reelected include the college loan payback plan, and the Family and Medical Leave Act. While speaking on July 4 Clinton reveals that â€Å"America is a work in process.† Although Clinton majored in foreign affairs, he had many difficulties with other countries during his presidency, however; he did prove to be contributive in several foreign incidents. He aided in the persuasion of Haiti s military junta to relinquish power to the elected president. He granted loans to Mexico, north Korea, and many other countries in need of assistance. Clinton also deployed troops in Kuwait in response to Iraq s th reats to invasion. They were to keep the peace and enforce the no-fly zone. Later, in combined efforts with other countries affiliated with the United Nations, Clinton ordered an air-strike against Iraq due to Heussien s refusal to admit UN inspections teams into his nuclear facilities. After being reelected to a second term in the oval office, Clinton still made valuable contributions. With congress, he passed a major tax cut and won an increase in minimum wage. Clinton also sponsored a welfare reform bill, and helped produce a thirty percent reduction in unemployment. Throughout his presidency, Clinton promoted European unity, and acted as a peace mediator between many countries, especially Palestine and Israel. Due to suspected sexual involvement with White House intern, Monica Lewinsky, Clinton was forced to testify; he firmly stated â€Å"I did not have sexual relations with that woman.† After supportive evidence was produced, Clinton did admit to having an â€Å"inappr opriate relationship† with Lewinsky. Four charges including; perjury, abuse of power, and obstruction of justice were brought to the House of Representatives against Clinton. The charges of perjury and obstruction of justice were approved, which led Clinton to be the only president besides Andrew Jackson to become impeached, however he was not removed from office or censured. Throughout the trial, public approval of Clinton remained high. Clinton continues to be successful as the president and plans to retire with his family to upstate New York so his wife Hilary can run for governor.

Scientific Research essays

Scientific Research essays When scientific research began it was all for the benefit of mankind. Scientists were not worried about profit from their findings they were worried about discovering new things that would help improve our world or our health. They were also interested in discovering new things so that our world could learn about life on earth many years ago. Although they still have the same goal in mind it seems like the only thing on their mind is how much money they will get from discovering new things or being able to explain what was once unexplainable. It all started after Watson and Crick deciphered the structure of DNA. The world was amazed with how this discovery could benefit mankind. However, many years later Watson and Crick's colleagues were involved in a different type of research. Molecular genetic research had became a multibillion dollar enterprise. It was after this time that new scientific companies were starting to arise everywhere. There was a new one announced almost every week. The scientists were now wanting to do research for profit instead of for the benefit of mankind. Every scientist was trying to discover something bigger and better than the next one. I feel like this is a tragedy for our world today. The people that we trust to help cure us and make our world a better place is more concerned with the money and the publicity rather than solely on the safety of our people. They are working daily on new discoveries with no one at all watching them to ensure that everything is done correctly. One example that comes to mind is the medicine Vioxx and all its related medicines. They have just now discovered that these medicines are causing heart problems, strokes, and even deaths. In my opinion if the scientists would have took more time to research this medicine then so many people would not have become ill from it. Yet those are the types of scientists that ...

Computer Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Computer Security - Essay Example To understand the nature of this proverbial beast we must take a closer look at the misaligned incentives that guide the basic design and deployment of computer systems, which form a major chunk of the issue. These misguided incentives begin with what economists call a moral hazard effect which resulted in a landslide of fraud. Other incentives include consumer’s lack of prioritizing on security measures which resulted in their minimum spending on software security. This is referred to by economists as ‘The tragedy of the commons’ with consumer’s unwilling to spend on measures that did not directly benefit them. Third is the failure in privacy and prolonged regulatory issues due to poor allocation of online risks. Last is the ability of these incentives to affect defense and offense strategies. With highlighting these key aspects we can move on to examining two mutually exclusive reasons for the decline in credit card number prices and violations of securit y based on economics being the reason for the existence of economics of security. The first of these reasons is ‘Network Externality’. In the information sector network externality refers to the software industry. Where the number of software users’ counts as the operating system developed depends on the choices of these people. So when the software company is in its initial development phase it tends to ignore security to strengthen its market position, later they add security measures once they have locked down on their target market. In economies this principle is called the Metcalfe’s law, stating that the value of a network grows with the number of people using it. This principle when applied to credit cards can be viewed as more merchants take credit cards their usefulness increases in the eyes of the customer. This results in more customers having credit cards increasing the likelihood of more merchants accepting them. So we notice that although the credit card network grows slowly initially but as positive feedback rolls in an exponential growth results. This has a direct impact on the decrease in the credit card number prices with a burst of credit card users. The second reason for this mutually exclusive occurrence has to do with ‘competitive applications and corporate warfare’. In reference to credit cards we look at the business strategy that requires manipulating switching costs. This can incorporate direct and indirect switching costs in terms of making systems incompatible or controlling marketing channels. Sometimes product differentiation and higher switching costs can both be used as security mechanism goals. For example look at Microsoft Passport, which operates with the promise of a single sign-on that facilitates consumer convenience. However that being said the real goals of Microsoft Passport is to subtly gather huge sums of date on consumer purchasing patterns with the expansion of a strong networ k externality. Also it limits the customer choice since the undertaken transactions are only operational on Microsoft software. This shows how instead of a concentration on security the product concentrates instead on web server control and acquisition of information markets. The products credit card transactions and details, which are all kept by Microsoft, result in the creation of a target market. This increases the probability of a greater external threat as well as a complete stranger

Planning Care Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Planning Care - Case Study Example Apart from this, he has a past history of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and chronic renal impairment. He has history of self-medication with Panadol few times a week and admits of medication noncompliance. His current admission is due to acute onset of chest pain and shortness of breath leading to emergency admission to the rural hospital where he was diagnosed with acute anterior myocardial infarction and was treated with thrombolytic therapy. There was abatement of symptoms, and he was sent to the metropolitan hospital for coronary angiography and further investigations. Mr. Walker understands that his disease is a result of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, which is caused by life-style associated risk factors. His diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes mellitus are interrelated to his dietary habits, perhaps obesity, and it in turn is causing chronic renal dysfunction, which may be further aggravated by his hypertension. His type 2 diabetes is an independent risk factor for his hypercholesterolemia, and both combined together would aggravate his atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and deteriorate the outcome in terms of adverse cardiac events. Moreover self-medication and non-compliance to medications would also worsen the clinical picture. He also understands that smoking and alcohol use are risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and they both may accelerate atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and worsen his prognosis (Tacoy et al., 2008, 402-407). Mr. Walker has been educated on the relationship between the kidneys and hypertension. His chronic renal disease will cause hypertension, and hypertension will contribute to the development of chronic renal disease. Given his baseline myocardial infarction, hypertension is major modifiable risk factors for atherosclerosis. Therefore, he was educated on the need for medication compliance and regularity of treatment (Zoccali, Mallamaci, and Tripepi, 2002, 381-386). Mr. Walker has been educated that non-pharmacologic or lifestyle measures are important not only to prevent hypertension, but his overall condition of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes, all will respond to such measures. He has been educated on basic dietary measures such as low-fat diet, low-salt diet, diet high in fruits and vegetables, and abstinence from alcohol would reduce his high blood pressure, hypercholesterolemia, blood sugar, and weight, which all together would reduce his risks of coronary artery disease (Chyun et al., 2003, 302-318). Mr. Walker has been educated on physical activity and has been demonstrated what kinds of activity may be suitable for him. He has also been alerted about resumption of physical activity very slowly following his myocardial infarction. He has been told that regular exercise increases work capacity. Training increases exercise capacity by increasing both maximal cardiac output and the ability to extract oxygen from the blood. Although he appeared less motivated about doing a regular exercise program, it was stressed repeatedly to him that regularity and persistence in such a program will help him (Ignarro, Balestrieri, and Napoli, 2007, 326-340). Mr. Walker has been given information on cessation of smoking since cigarette smoking is perhaps the most preventable known cause of CHD today, leading to more deaths

Zara's strategic approach to Information Technology Management Essay

Zara's strategic approach to Information Technology Management - Essay Example Information technology management not only involves basic functions of management such as staffing and budgeting, but also has aspects like software design, change management, tech support and network planning that are unique to the management of information and technology only. Table of contents Executive Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...2 Zara’s Approach to management of information and technology†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦4 Cisco’s approach†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 8 Comparison†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.11 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...11 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.12 Cutting back on cost is one of the most crucial aspects of the Zara Company’s approach to information and technology. This can be proved by the fact that the company tries as a much as possible to minimize cost in their information technology infrastructure. This can be seen in the way they handle their information technology needs. For example, the company prefers to develop their own programs rather than employing software developing companies to write their program or buying software’s. It is good to develop ones softwa re internally, but it has its limitation. In fact, what most companies do is to buy shell programs and then configure them accordingly to the suitability of their company. They do not develop their programs themselves from scratch. Although developing one’s programs internally like in the case of Zara has some advantages like ownership to rights of the programs, it comes with some disadvantages. Firstly when a company writes its own program from scratch and does not intend to gain from it commercially, they face they risk of being behind in technology. This can be proved by the case of Zara clothing company which as of 2003 the company was still using DOS operating system, which even its manufacturer Microsoft has termed it as well out dated (Macafee & Dessain & Sjoman, 2007). One reason why Zara finds it difficult to upgrade to another current operating system is the fact that it wrote its point of sale (POS) program specifically run on a dos operating system. Thus, as much as any management tries to minimize running cost as much as possible, quality should also be considered. This because in the long run cheap is expensive. Five years down the line, Zara Fashion Company will find itself in a lot of technical problems. This is because it will be left behind by other fashion companies since other companies are moving forward with the technology in regards to point of sale. If we look at Zara’s systems, after making transactions at the end of the day, one needs to back up the data in a floppy disk. However, in modern point of sale systems, information is backed up automatically in real time. This means that a good point of sale system should store information of any transaction in the main server immediately. Saving information each and every day is exceedingly tiresome and time consuming. Another disadvantage of this is that if one forgets to store the information in a floppy disk, then it means that information will never be retrieved hence caus ing problems in accounting. Zara’s approach to information technology management can be evaluated considering the ten principles of good information management and seeing if it satisfies these principles. Good information management should focus on adoption. This means information manag

Impact of Technology on Tourism

Impact of Technology on Tourism Technologies are factors that impacts on how any business is operated. Therefore, for each development of new technologies, a business may have to totally change their operating process. The change of technology will affect the way a company carries out business. Through the ages the travel and tourism industry has developed significantly with the development of new technology. On a global scale new technology has changed the way of tourism. In the dark ages travel on land was in litters or chariots and small boats was used to travel on sea. Tourism and pleasure travel was in existence but otr active during this time, but by the middle of the Middle Ages, large numbers took on a new life with the main purpose of traveling to Europe for religious purposes. Travel in the 18th century was by high society people mainly to visit spas a major attraction which also provided social events, games, dancing, gambling and sea-bathing. With the development of railway in the late 1830s, direct contribution of major seaside resorts was established and gave everyone an opportunity to travel as demand for vacation travel grew. The first publicly advertised excursion train developed by Thomas Cook, who was then looked upon as the first travel agent and now own s one of the largest travel agency in the world. As the need for technology grew throughout the years, various inventions took place and increased the travel and tourism industry. Leading into the 20th century where introduction of motorcar and the first twin engine aircraft which allowed for the travel of large number of people in 1958. Tourist discovered increasing access to a growing array of destinations with the great increase of technological advancements in the mid and late 20th century. Communicating technology aid in making airline increasingly accessible from the promotion of destinations to attracting travelers attention to enabling instant reservations and payment collections. Through the significance of communicating technology, modern tourism is fully equipped with the ability to communicate their benefits and to sell themselves to potential visitors. On return those potential visitors can reach points of interest at their chosen destination. In 1953, through the introduction of communication technology airline reservation way slinked directly with travel and booking agents. This brought about a generous increase in the tourism according to the learning and teaching network. this link made the entire booking process more easier and efficient as more airlines capitalized on it. As the improvement on technology increased modern internet allowed tourist quick and easy access to information such as travel destinations, lodging and dining options at the destination, up to the minute wait time and making reservations before departing for their chosen destination. The use of telephones also allowed travelers quick contact without ever experiencing a busy signal or getting out pf bed. It also allowed for the collection of payment from prospective travelers before departing for the destination. According to the journal of information technology and tourism, modern communication technology likewise 21st century developments in mobile telephone technology allows for advertising of attractions at various tourist destinations to target visitors. The impact of technology in the travel and tourism industry is enormous as more and more travelers can compare and look for all kinds of information available on the internet about potential destinations. As stated by China daily, according to John Liu , the executive vice-president and head of greater chins at Google, 85% of travelers do their research on the internet about potential destinations and the average traveler does 55 online searches for bookings, travel guides and visas before a booking. What seemed to be impossible ion the pas like the impact of global positioning  System on how airlines operate, self-check in of luggage, online bookings and so much mire is now at present become acceptable. Though technology has totally transformed the travel and tourism industry, according to the daily observer, it stills requires considerable financial investments and in addition tourist destination must continue to provide innovations in customer service, attractions and economic development to continue producing attractive destination despite the numerous avenues for promoting of the area. Identify the pros and cons of community based tourism A community implies individuals with some kind of collective responsibility and the ability to make decision by representative bodies. Community based tourisms that in which local residents of mainly rural areas invite tourist to visit their community with the provision of overnight accommodation. Although community based tourism has it advantage, there are also disadvantages which will both be outlined. As well as stating how community based tourism has impacted the country. Advantages of community based tourism Allows education and training growth of local people. Integrates the natural beauty and the daily life of rural communities. Allows tourist and locals a chance to experience other cultures. Promotes productive sustainable practices within its tourism offerings. Creation of job and economical development. Each individual in the community learns to work as a team in order to keep the community in welcoming and hospitable manner. Local people become educated in all aspect of managing the business of tourism. Persons no longer have to depend on livestock as a only source of income. Income generated can be used on national and local levels to better educate, improve infrastructure, fund conservation efforts, promote more responsible tourism  and aid in the benefits of tourism projects. Interest to conserve the living environment will be on the increase of local residents. Foreign exchange generated. Development of skills for local people. Local businesses, shops, restaurants, recreational facilities, natural attractions,, infrastructure and transport network all receive benefits from the gains. Wealth creation and access to essential services such as: water, sanitation, transport and telecommunications. Disadvantages of community based tourism Infections and diseased can be brought to a host destination. Inability of local business owners to compete with large corporations. Degrading of local infrastructure set in place due to the overbearing of heavy traffic of cars and tour buses. The host community left behind to pay for repair of damages as most of the profits return to their own countries in situations involving tourist oriented corporations Destruction to the natural habitat and resource in the community. May not be as medically advanced. Lack of respect for local cultures such as: tourist walking through local market in bathing suit. This not only offends but contributes to the undermining of social standards. Loss of potable water, loss of animal populations and the spread of disease and infection resulting from the over production in the form of water and air pollution, litter and frequent overflow of sewage systems. Increase in crime, mostly petty theft and pick pocketing and sometimes sexual assault. Luxuries such as: heated water for bathing that is not available to local residents in communities often cause tension between local population and tourist. Some large resorts take away from the small scale instead of giving to local communities. Impact of community based tourism on the country as a whole While it is important one widespread scale for the future development of the country as it open doors of opportunities for Jamaicans as a a whole. The effect on the developments of community based tourism has contributed positively and negatively on the country. The economic, socio cultural and environmental impacts on the country are as follows. Increase employment and technology Improved quality of life Better health care and education Improvement of the infrastructure Creation and attraction of foreign exchange Preservation of plants, botanical gardens, animal, etc Utilization of natural resources as attractions Creation of tours, hiking, ecotourism. Enjoying the natural environment without taking do exchanging anything Language barriers broken down encourage entrepreneurship Exposure to other cultures and social standards Cultural preservation Exposure with other music forms Black market trading Cultural erosion Exposure to STDs and stis Illegal vending Environmental degradation and depletion Pollution Damage to natural resources, illegal removal of plants, deforestation Uneven distribution of wealth Greater possibility for negative foreign influence on economy Neglect of local recreation facilities Is community based tourism an alternative type that can be used to diversify the Jamaica Tourism Product and provide Jamaica with a competitive advantage? A community is seen as individuals with some kind of collective responsibility and the ability to make decision by representative bodies. Though not having proper management bypass local residence the benefits gains from community tourism. As explained by Alicia Knight community tourism is a type of tourism owned and operated by the people in the community. Thought community tourism needs to work closely with mainstream tourism, it is the right type of tourism needed to provide Jamaica with a competitive advantage. The way forward is to get our own local people educated about their own cultures, heritage, environment and the tourism product. For example, most large resorts use foreigners at top level management post. By doing this the gains are not used in Jamaica as most of their earnings are returned to their host country. But when local people are trained with the requisite skills needed and sure are educated about tourism and its product. The tourism industry no longer have to view locals a sonly capable of doing lower level work such as, bellhops, laundresses, gardeners and waiters just to name a few. The income and gains generated from having employ more locals in the industry improve the infrastructure of the country, enhance the community and improve the quality of life of locals, thus the profits are spread within the country which also means that Jamaica would be facing less depth as there would be a balance in the national reserve. Who is better capable of teaching and introducing visitors to our heritage and culture? Who is best able to help protect the countrys natural habitat and resources? Certainly only Jamaicans can ensure visitor satisfaction in all aspect of offering them the opportunity to explore Jamaica safely and interact with our people through community based tourism. In leading the way for the future development of the country through the importance of sustainable development can only be achieved by diversifying the tourism product to include all the special interest types of tourism through community based tourism. Discuss the importance of delivering quality service in the hospitality industry According to Lazer and Payton 1999, the delivery of quality customer service is one of the major challenges facing hospitality managers and will be an essential condition in the emerging, keenly competitive global hospitality markets. For thru delivery of quality hospitality service, which involves people, management of people and interactions between staff and guest the building blocks of quality service in hospitality must have proper and effective management and maintenance. When quality service is being delivered, hospitality businesses gain in profit rewards that will unimproved the quality of the service been provided, increase the guests perception of them, enhance the market and guest satisfaction and word of mouth advertising. Thus, it is important to continue improving quality service delivery systems and train and empower staff, develop procedures to deliver what guest want, evaluate and modify service delivery systems, consider the guest being served, determine what the guest desires and implement revised systems which should focus on exceeding the guest expectations. For hospitality businesses to more effectively manage and maintain the delivery of quality of service, hospitality managers will need to identify and outline operational and significant strategy and in effect, focusing on the encounters that makes a difference to the experience of each guest. Raise to the point questions that are important to the quality of service such as; Is service limited to a luxury package or does it include budget travelers? Which staff members are involved in providing the service?What skills do they need? What training is been provided? How committed are they to service goals? Is team co-operation or individual empowerment required? What staff members deal with what guest? Are the staff presentations and appearances appropriate? What attitudes is appropriate, friendly, open, helpful, warm service, efficient, unconstructive, uninvolving or unthreatening service? Are the interfaces between different functional areas fully operations? Are the criteria for success clearly defined? Is everyone involved aware of guests needs and concerns? Is the information necessary to respond effectively to guests needs readily available? Is the appropriate technology being fully used? Are the necessary systems to support the encounter in place? Is there adequate spa ce to handle each of the activities such as; waiting, completing forms, storing or handling luggage and assembling tours? Did the dynamics of the exchange proceed smoothly? Have employees been given the training needed? Does the structure of the organization help or hinder performance/ Are the service providers given the facilities and financial and human support needed? Do service providers have the appropriate attitude? Is the right emphasis being place on service quality? Do any languages or cultural barriers exist? Is the management style and marketing orientation appropriate for the task? The importance of the delivery of quality service involves not only being specific of and for a particular thing but also involves giving the strength and encouragement needed to keep business from falling or sinking. It requires knowing exactly where the service encounters will occur and if the space is appropriately designed to facilitate the encounters. There also have to be a watt in which hospitality managers get things done and their ideas organized to work together. Most importantly, since the people who work in the industry are involved in providing quality service. It is of major importance to train and empower staff by providing incentives and reward systems for task performed. As read by Postma and Jenkins 1997 using internal and external measurements to monitor the quality of service in hospitality industry will outline the technical , process, functional and relational, and experienced quality in hospitality industries. For the importance delivery of quality of service in the travel and tourism hospitality businesses, it involves direct and to the point questions that will allow clear decision making by hospitality manager to improve services provided and to meet the challenges faced by hospitality industries. Identify differences between service delivery in hospitality industry and service delivery in other businesses Just as hospitality businesses, other business offers quality service delivery. There are no differences as for the delivering quality customer in any business as one would have to. Be visible as soon as a customer enters Greet the customer in a friendly manner and maintain professionalism Show that you are willing to help and listen carefully if the customer has an enquiry always be cheerful and courteous Make sure to end with a sweet note Recommendations Major players implement ways of using community based tourism as a solution for growth in tourism. Tourism industry fully utilizes all the developments of technology foe economic significance of Jamaica. Hospitality industries continuer the delivery of quality service to exceed their customers expectations which will result in rewards for them.

Macbeth Monologue Spoken by Banquo Essay

Banquo lies on the side of the river after being ambushed by Macbeths pass men. He reflects on Macbeths and his own behavior since the prophecies made by the witches, as well as reflecting on Fleance and the person he is to become. The nullify of Act III, Scene 3. After Banquos murder. (Lying) Here I lie, cold, wet, solely and betrayed on my death bed. Is this what I deserve? Have I been dealt a hand fair to the way I birth lived my life? No, I know that I lived my life justly. I acted on my beliefs and I was always loyal and honest to those I held dear. (Getting Up) I fought against the dreams of those predictions and proved myself worthy of what was told. I defended my character and spoke up for what I stood for. I would not weaken in the await of temptation. (Standing) Since the day on the heath where those foul hags told Macbeth and I our fates, Macbeth has not been himself. As if overcome by some evil spirit, he has changed his ways, actively seeking his future through deceit, wicked speculations and regicide, what I now no longer suspect him of, but think he committed. Firstly, Thane of Glamis, a title he already held. Following(a) was Thane of Cawdor, this he was named shortly after the predictions, he did nothing to by design receive the title but be his own character, a strong, passionate and loyal countrymen. The real Macbeth we all knew and respected. But the three prediction was the one that changed Macbeth, a title that toyed with his ambition. Being told he would become King I believe was the beginning of the end for him. Over time his aspirations led him to take a route the†¦

Main Causes of American Intervention in World War I

The war was between the Triple Entente-? Great Britain, Russia, and France-?and the Central Powers, which was comprised of Germany, Italy, and Austria-Hungary. The vast majority of Americans strongly designated themselves a neutral nation. They believed themselves morally superior to war and viewed it to be an unnecessary, primitive solution. Even President Woodrow Wilson immediately announced America's neutrality, after recently winning the presidential election in 1916 for his second consecutive term, bearing the campaign slogan â€Å"He kept us out of war. However, despite Minimal disapproval of World War l. Many controversial events and certain predictions caused the united States to teeter between the line of isolation and intervention. It was President Willow's strong guidance and insightful evaluations of foreign actions and domestic reactions that led to America's involvement in the Great War on April 6, 1917. Right from the start, both Germany and Britain quickly began spre ading propaganda, attempting to promote their own country motives and Justify their grounds for being in the war.Propaganda Is defined as information, Ideas, or rumors deliberately spread widely to help or harm a person, group, movement, Institution, or nation. Both nations were affecting public opinion, but in the summer of 1915, German doctor Heimlich Albert mistakenly put a halt to Germany's influence. Albert was a preventative of the German Information Service, an agency that was responsible for dispersing rumors in the United States. As he quickly rushed to board his train, he unknowingly left his briefcase, containing German propaganda.After It was recovered by an American secret service agent, the documents and their purpose were quickly known throughout the nation, giving citizens a negative perception of Germany. British propaganda was also in circulation, and although this possibility was known by the American population, it was never proved, making it difficult to deciphe r reliable information from exaggerated. Generally these ideas proposed hat it was German aggression that was responsible for the provocation of the war In Europe, and the Allies-?the Triple Entente-?were simply fighting In defense of collocation gallant tenet Darrell opposition.Germany was salsa to nave uses â€Å"ruthless, militaristic war tactics† and to have an autocratic society, which contested America's democratic society. In an effort to coax American entry, Britain asserted that the war was unfolding in their favor, and the outcome seemed promising. However, they were actually in financial straits and struggling to survive, but they did not want America to think the war was a lost cause. Ironically, this assurance had an opposite effect on America's willingness to assist them.The public proclaimed that if the Triple Entente expected victory, then American intervention would be a pointless waste of money, resources, and lives. Germany's war tactics and disregard towar d the rules of engagement of war also negatively impacted America's Judgment of them. Early in the war Germany invaded Belgium, a country that pronounced its neutrality as America did, and fought on the soil of an unwilling nation. While occupying Belgium for more than four years, the Germans shot thousands of civilians, dotted and burned towns, and deported civilians, forcing them to assemble weapons and build defenses.The German chancellor referred too peace treaty written in agreement between the two nations as a â€Å"scrap of paper. † This disrespect to the wishes of Belgium was later called â€Å"The Rape of Belgium† and portrayed English- speaking countries as defenders of freedom. To add to Germany's misconduct, the tactics that they used during the war appalled the American nation. They deployed â€Å"dirigible† bombardments on cities, which was combat through a blimp-like airship. This aerial attack would stream poisonous gas over enemy areas, impartia lly taking he lives of both innocent civilians and soldiers.An inhumane and deadly technique such as this had previously been unknown to the world. Similarly, the engagement of submarine warfare, with their newly developed U-boats, hurt Germany's cause in the battle for American support. Germany utilized their new technology of U-boats to destroy both enemy warships and merchant vessels of nonbelligerent nations, some of which contained American citizens, enraging the United States. U-boats were small, slow-moving, and vulnerable, but they were the first submarines the world had ever seen, so defending them was difficult, even for the world-renowned British navy.The Germans used this stealthy weapon to overcome the blockade that was implemented by the British fleet. The impenetrable fleet effectively prevented all trade ships containing weapons or food from reaching countries occupied by the Central Power, as well as neighboring neutral countries. They also cut all undersea communic ation cables. The German sinking of American ships the Louisiana and Sussex had the most significant response from the United States. It was after this complete disregard for U. S. Requests that Wilson concluded he could no longer imply ignore Germany's constant, rebellious insubordination.He began to realize that war was imminent. In 1915, U-boats sank the American merchant vessel the Louisiana, killing 128 American citizens. Still wanting to maintain neutrality, President Wilson reacted by merely demanding that Germany abide by protocol of restricted warfare, in addition to arming merchant vessels for defense. Germany agreed but then later declared unlimited warfare on all ships, openly admitting that â€Å"mistakes will be made. † In 1917, the U-boats sank another American vessel, the Sussex, killing another 25 Americans.Although Germany argued that it was difficult to identify the ship, Americans were clearly frustrated with their lack of discretion. Despite this Loosely AT Electroscope, American colleens exclusively continual to remain neutral. I nee reasoned that the few Americans taken by German U-boats were not worth risking the lives of the 100 million Americans that were left. Instead, they criticized Wilson for the tragedy. They claimed that he provoked the attack by being a â€Å"silent member† of the Allies through one-sided trade and allowing the expansion of their blockade without a diplomatic challenge.However, Woodrow Wilson maintained that he was imply learning from the mistakes that led to the War of 1812 and was motivated by neutrality by â€Å"trying to avoid unnecessary trouble. † In fact, when the United States learned of what later became known as the infamous Zimmerman Telegram, it was determined that the attack was offensive and would have occurred even if Wilson had contested the blockade. In January of 1917, British intelligence intercepted and deciphered a telegram sent from the German foreign minister, Arthur Zimmerman, to the German minister of Mexico, von Gerhardt.This occurred shortly after Germany sunk the Sussex, and it revealed Germany's true intentions toward the U. S. The telegram offered American territory to Mexico that America won during the Mexican- American War in the late sass's. In return, Germany requested that Mexico attack the United States if they should enter the Great War on the side of the Triple Entente, and to also request the aid of Japan. This clearly demonstrated that the sinking of the Sussex was an attack intended to lure America into the war, and Mexico, as well, to fight alongside Germany.Before this document was found, Wilson still chose neutrality in the face of American casualties, saying, â€Å"There is such a thing as a man Ewing too proud to fight. There is such a thing as a nation being so right that it does not need to convince others by force that it is right. † The telegram, along with encounters with Germany before the Great War, caused Wi lson to contemplate intervention. During the Spanish-American War, in 1898, many perceived Germany to be a potential threat to America's interests and security because of the similarities between the two nations.Both were Just beginning to establish themselves as great world powers that were rapidly industrialized and seeking overseas markets, naturally creating a rivalry. German interest in the Philippine Islands, West Indies, Galapagos Islands, and Haiti was also unsettling because it posed a threat to the completion of the Panama Canal, which was finished in August of 1914. Germany's desire to expand to the Western Hemisphere worried President Wilson, and the main deterrent of this expansion, until this point, had been from Britain's control over the Atlantic.Wilson, along with many others, feared that if the Central Powers overcame the Triple Entente, Germany would become the new naval supremacy, over Great Britain. This conclusion became known as the â€Å"realist appraisal. T he realist appraisal proclaimed that British victory was essential to American security, because they were needed by the United States to provide a balance of powers. It was widely agreed that America and Great Britain had paralleled interests. Without this balance of power, Germany would see no resistance if they decided to attack America.This claim was consistent in many people, including James W. Gerard, the American Ambassador to Germany, who said, â€Å"We are next on [Germany's] list,† if they won the war. With this risk in mind, the Monroe Doctrine quickly became Jeopardized. The Monroe Doctrine was institutionalized by President James Monroe in 1823 and was composed of three main concepts. The first stated that the Western Hemisphere of ten world would a De Innocence Day America, Ana ten Eastern Hemisphere Day Europe. The second and third concepts opposed colonization and intervention.With these concepts in mind, it is evident that the doctrine is likely to be violate d by Germany upon the victory of the Central Powers, because they would intervene in America's hemisphere. In order to preserve the proclamation, America's intervention was deed. The night before the United States announced its entrance into the war, the newly appointed secretary of state, Robert Lansing, wrote, The Allies must not be beaten. It would mean the triumph of autocracy over democracy; the shattering of all our moral standards; and real, although it may seem remote, peril to our independence and institutions.President Wilson desperately struggled to keep peace with Germany in order to save American lives, but his attempts were hopeless. He was aware that an Allied victory was more favorable to American interests, but he also believed that the war would leave Germany weak and unable to pose an immediate threat to America. In the years that Germany needed to recuperate its army and replenish resources, Wilson planned to strengthen the Ana and prepare for a possible war.Howe ver, upon Germany's denial of Willow's two peace proposals and the renewal of submarine warfare, which Germany had consistently added to over the last few years, the president's plan seemed too far away. Germany's lack of effort to come to peace with America predicted their intention on making America the next target sooner than expected. In addition to the influences by Lansing and future president Theodore Roosevelt, President Wilson realized that an intervention was more necessary than previously assumed, and he knew that he would need the support of his country if he was going to succeed in involving the nation.Primarily through propaganda, the U. S. Government caused the change in public opinion from isolation to intervention. Most of the nation continuously adhered to an isolationist prospective, but those who held the view of the realist appraisal also happened to be those in Eastern America who had a strong influence on public opinion. On April 13, the Committee on Public In formation (ICP) was assembled by President Wilson to conduct American propaganda in the United States and overseas.George Creel, the selected manager of the committee, called it the â€Å"world's greatest adventure in advertising,† because it essentially â€Å"advertised† the war to the American people. The three main themes that were portrayed were unity, the image of a despicable enemy, and the idea of a crusade for peace and freedom. They overwhelmed the press with so much information that it was practically impossible to determine what was exaggerated from what was not. Slowly, intervention began to gain nationwide support. Once Congress accepted a declaration for war from President Wilson, America would officially be in the war.Wilson addressed Congress for a declaration of war on April 2, 1917, through what has been claimed to â€Å"rank among the three or four greatest presidential speeches in American history. † He argued that in reality, America had bee n in the war ever since their vessels were sunk by German U-boats. Because of this, it was only logical to officially announce involvement in order to gain any advantages that it might bring. Wilson also emphasized that America was not at war with Germany but at war with the autocratic government instead. The world must be safe for democracy' was the point that he conveyed, and if the Central Powers won the war, democracy would, in fact, be in peril. Both George Washington Ana I mommas Jefferson warned against â€Å"entangling alliances† Ana promoted Isolation to avoid foreign wars. This attitude was maintained and universally accepted since the War of 1812, but this principle was no longer sufficient. Since the war in Europe began in 1914, countless events occurred that warranted U. S. Entry into the war, but they were all rationalized to maintain isolation.President Woodrow Wilson thoroughly examined what had happened up to that point and carefully calculated the events tha t would ensue, and he wisely decided to Join Great Britain on the side of the Triple Entente. He unified the nation and created universal support, which led to the Allied victory on November 1 1, 1918, preserving democracy for the world, along with the bright future of the United States. The end of the war marked a new era in history, one that held the United States at the pinnacle of the world's great powers. Endnotes

Free Essays on Impressions

First impression can be very misleading Although the first impression might be very misleading, people tend to pay a lot of attention to the way we look. People judge each by the kind of cloth we wear, the body composition we have, the color of our skin, the hairstyle, body language, etc. A lot of people base their judgments about the person solely on the looks without even taking into consideration the person’s educational, intellectual, and financial backgrounds. In order to have a fair perception of a person we must take time and get to know the person’s character and the various reasons for doing one thing over the other to get a true understanding of a person. There are some instances where we might be able to guess right about the person’s workplace by the way he or she looks. If we walk down the street and the young lady is coming towards us wearing a t-shirt with the nearby cafà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s name on it and having an apron on, we might jump to a conclusion that this girl is a waitress at that cafà ©. But this kind of scenario is not going to work perfectly all the time. Even though we might guess correctly about her workplace, we cannot say a lot for sure about her personality. Taking into consideration her age, we may begin guessing about her life. We may make an assumption that she is a college student working part-time at the cafà © to earn some spending money. We may also assume that she is not married and does not have any kids. But all of these assumptions are entirely our guesses. In reality she might have absolutely different life story than the one we assumed. Oftentimes the appearance of the person cannot truly reveal u s the accurate picture of this person. Some people are more concerned with the way they look then others. On one hand, we have a lot of people that are willing to spend a couple of hours each week shopping for new cloth and accessories. These people are subscribing to fashion magazines to stay up... Free Essays on Impressions Free Essays on Impressions First impression can be very misleading Although the first impression might be very misleading, people tend to pay a lot of attention to the way we look. People judge each by the kind of cloth we wear, the body composition we have, the color of our skin, the hairstyle, body language, etc. A lot of people base their judgments about the person solely on the looks without even taking into consideration the person’s educational, intellectual, and financial backgrounds. In order to have a fair perception of a person we must take time and get to know the person’s character and the various reasons for doing one thing over the other to get a true understanding of a person. There are some instances where we might be able to guess right about the person’s workplace by the way he or she looks. If we walk down the street and the young lady is coming towards us wearing a t-shirt with the nearby cafà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s name on it and having an apron on, we might jump to a conclusion that this girl is a waitress at that cafà ©. But this kind of scenario is not going to work perfectly all the time. Even though we might guess correctly about her workplace, we cannot say a lot for sure about her personality. Taking into consideration her age, we may begin guessing about her life. We may make an assumption that she is a college student working part-time at the cafà © to earn some spending money. We may also assume that she is not married and does not have any kids. But all of these assumptions are entirely our guesses. In reality she might have absolutely different life story than the one we assumed. Oftentimes the appearance of the person cannot truly reveal u s the accurate picture of this person. Some people are more concerned with the way they look then others. On one hand, we have a lot of people that are willing to spend a couple of hours each week shopping for new cloth and accessories. These people are subscribing to fashion magazines to stay up...

Virgie Ammons Patents a Fireplace Damper Actuating Tool

Virgie Ammons Patents a Fireplace Damper Actuating Tool Virgie Ammons was an inventor and woman of color who invented a device for dampening fireplaces. She received a patent for a fireplace damper actuating tool on September 30, 1975. Little is known about the life of Virgie Ammons. One source says she was born on Dec. 29, 1908 in Gaithersburg, Maryland and died on July 12, 2000. She lived in West Virginia for most of her life.  Ammons filed her patent on August 6, 1974, at which time she was living in Eglon, West Virginia. There is no information to be found about her education, training or profession. One unverified source says she was a self-employed caretaker and a practicing Muslim who attended services in Temple Hills. Fireplace Damper Actuating Tool - Patent US 3,908,633 A fireplace damper actuating tool is a tool that is used to open and close the damper on a fireplace. It keeps the damper from opening or fluttering in the wind.   If you have a fireplace or stove, you may be familiar with the sound of a fluttering damper. A damper is an adjustable plate that fits in the flue of a stove or the chimney of a fireplace. It helps control the draft into the stove or fireplace. Dampers could be a plate that slides across the air opening, or it could be fixed in place in the pipe or flue and turned so the angle allows more or less air flow. In the days when cooking was done on a stove that was powered by burning wood or coal, adjusting the flue was a way of controlling the temperature. Virgie Ammons may be have been familiar with these stoves, given her date of birth. She may also have lived in an area where electric or gas stoves were not common until later in her life. We have no details as to what her inspiration was for the fireplace damper actuating tool. With a fireplace, opening the damper allows more air to be drawn into the fireplace from the room and convey the heat up the chimney. More air flow can often result in more flames, but also in losing more heat rather than warming the room. Keeping the Damper Closed The patent abstract  says Ammons damper actuating tool addressed the problem of fireplace dampers that flutter and make noise when gusty winds affected the chimney Some dampers do not remain fully shut because they have to be light enough in weight so the operating lever can open them easily. This makes small differences in air pressure between the room and the upper chimney draw them open. She was concerned that even a slightly open damper could cause a significant loss of heat in winter, and could even result in loss of coolness in summer. Both would be a waste of energy. Her actuating tool allowed the damper to be closed and held closed. She noted that when not in use, the tool could be stored next to the fireplace. No information was found as to whether her tool was manufactured and marketed.

The 49ers and the california ethos Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The 49ers and the california ethos - Essay Example On many occasions, the gold mines and the mining camps took toll on people as it presented the issue of time and circumstances of returning to families and communities to be a different perspective away from the original quest for fortune. It brought forth a different view in terms of an individual, family and community at home as compared to the 49ers of the gold camps. To the married people, family, friends and community formed the basis that it difficult for them to go back home. To others, there were issues that included a commitment, responsibility, the chain of burdens and many other issues related to family. In the course of staying in California, some 49ers managed to keep the promise of returning after some period or sought for an extension of the original time specific. Despite these, majority of members deemed such agreements as being passed to the reality of California and the gold fields. The pleasantries of California and the hope to find something to return home on most occasions made it difficult for the 49ers to go home to their families. Many of the 49ers who thought that they would go to California and be back within a year found it had to keep that promise. This was influenced by the consideration of how one would return home. It was discouraging for 49ers to learn that they could only go back home little than they had come with or sometimes with nothing at all. The quest to find something much better to go home with made them stay even longer in California (Malcolm, 1997). With increased publications of free gold, people around the world continued flocking California, demand for almost everything kept increasing, and the prices for most commodities kept on skyrocketing. This made life more difficult rendering the 49ers with the inability to save for their return. As such it became a difficult question

In life people face many challenges which lead to growth. Analyze how Essay

In life people face many challenges which lead to growth. Analyze how challenges help people grow in many ways - Essay Example Maya Angelou’s autobiographical work ‘Graduation’ explores the author’s personal struggles and the obstacles she faced particularly in relation to racial prejudices while attending her graduation ceremony from a segregated middle school in Arkansas. The author discusses the range of emotions she felt before, during and after the event. Initially, her primary feelings were those of excitement and pride at her educational achievements and accomplishments. She then went through a period of disappointment and anger while eventually letting go of the animosity she felt for others. The author’s anticipation and enthusiasm at her impending graduation was well-deserved. She had received good grades and her family, particularly her mother, was extremely proud of her. Their preparations were detailed and filled with joy as she was given gifts, money, words of wisdom and praise. However, as the author sat at the ceremony and listened to the speeches, it became clear to her that the achievements of her black classmates were not regarded in the same way as those of her white contemporaries. The authors feelings changed immediately as she was overcome with disappointment, anger and resentment as this served to remind her of the stereotypical ‘place’ of black people as the time in terms of taking on quite menial positions such as cleaning and labour. Aspirations of further educational achievements and more respectable positions were dashed from her mind in these moments as she pondered â€Å"It was awful to be a negro and have no control over my li fe† (Angelou 37). In Andre Barrett’s ‘A Hole in the Wall’, the author similarly reflects upon a time in which she experienced a traumatic and emotionally distressing event, in this case, the 2001 World Trade Centre attacks. She recounts how very shortly after she and her husband moved to the city, she witnessed the fateful

Crime and Punishment and ways to make our prison system better Research Paper - 1

Crime and Punishment and ways to make our prison system better - Research Paper Example scourages the use of â€Å"probation and parole† as a result of which the offenders are being punished with longer prison terms with rare chances of â€Å"being released on parole† (9). Thus, in the present day, incarceration rates have been skyrocketing as a consequence of which there has been prison overcrowding across the US. Evidence further suggests that in 2008 alone, corrections have cost the exchequer a spending of â€Å"nearly $75 billion† across federal, state and local government facilities (10). Thus, it becomes evident that the heavy rate of incarcerations remains a hefty onus on the country’s financial resources. This high rate of incarceration can be perceived as a consequence of lack of education and the prevalence of poverty, which is considerably high in African American ethnic group, and the resultant emergence of a new racism. The Policy Information Report by the Educational Testing Service finds that the rate of incarceration of black youths, especially those who dropped out from school, has increased to such an extent as to â€Å"jeopardize the achievement of broader social justice goals† (Coley and Barton 3). This indicates that there is a gap in the educational opportunities of the Black youth as compared to the White people, which entails a greater number of incarcerations of the youngsters from black ethnical background. Research evidence further suggests that â€Å"illiteracy† and the lack of numerical skills are quite high in prisoners and a â€Å"half of all prisoners† does not possess any education at all (Crowded Out? The Impact of Prison Overcrowding on Rehabilitation 10). In the modern day, the job market has become highly competitive and business organizations have a wide variety of choices of workforce. Thus, people who do not possess adequate educational qualification and professional skills remain unemployed. This situation compels them to look for alternative sources of income and they embark on criminal activities for earning

Case Study Analysis of an employee Essay Example for Free

Case Study Analysis of an employee Essay This case study for student analysis will look at an employee of ABC, Inc., Carl Robins, the new recruiter of only six months and his struggle to hold orientation for fifteen new hires. There are various factors that play a part of why Carl struggles to meet the promised deadline that is fast approaching. This analysis will focus on time management, job performance, and company organizational issues that are key problems with how Carl is performing his job, but will also look at how ABC, Inc. management team play is playing a part in Carl’s struggle to meet his deadline. This analysis will show alternative solutions, a proposed solution, and a recommendation that will prevent future struggles for Carl and all other employees at ABC, Incorporated. Carl Robins is the new recruiter for ABC, Inc. Carl has been in his new position for six months now. In the six month timeframe, Carl has successfully hired fifteen new trainees. Now that the trainees are hired, Carl’s next objective is to hold an orientation on June 15th at one time for all fifteen new hires. The orientation date is to ensure Carl will have all the new hires ready to start working by July for the Operations Manager, Monica Carrolls. On May 15th Carl is contacted by Monica Carrolls to discuss with Carl everything needed for the new hires to begin orientation; the training schedule, manuals, policy booklets, physicals, drug test, and other things. Two weeks later, Carl decides to go over the trainee files and realizes some trainees’ paperwork are incomplete and missing. All of the new hires still need to take a mandatory drug screen test. During this time, Carl becomes aware that he does not have enough copies of the orientation manuals and on top of that, there is not one complete orientation manual to make copies. Lastly, Carl checks out the training room he book earlier in the month and finds Joe, from technology services, is setting up computer terminals for training seminars for the entire month of June. Carl will need to find a new place to hold orientation. Ca rl is panicking and does not know how to proceed at this point. (University of Phoenix, 2014) There are numerous key problems to focus on with Carl as well as with ABC, Inc. Starting with Carl, some of  the key problems Carl is having includes his apparent lack of time management. Carl is also having organizational and communication issues. Carl insufficient knowledge of how to apply these skills are playing a huge factor in Carl’s struggle to be prepared and ready for orientations on June 15th. Carl also appears to have insufficient knowledge about his position and what his responsibilities requires of him daily to meet his scheduled orientation and promised deadline to have all the new hires working by July. Looking at Carl’s timeline, he hires the new trainees in the beginning of April. Carl knows he has a little over two months before orientation is scheduled will be held for the new hires. On May 15th Carl receives a call from Monica, the Operations Manager, to go over the needs for orientation to be successful. It appears that Carl does nothing for over a month in regards to checking on the status of each new hire. What is Carl doing in this timeframe needs to be investigated. Carl waits until two weeks before the scheduled orientation to finally check on the trainees’ files. It seems there is no communication between Carl and Human Resources at all. Carl should be in contact with Human Recourses about the status of each new hires paperwork and on a consistent basis. It would appear that Carl is not doing his job efficiently. ABC, Inc. has some underlying key problems that have contribute a great deal to Carl’s struggle to meet the scheduled orientation date. ABC, Inc. has failed to support Carl in his new position. There is a lack of supervision to help guide Carl. ABC, Inc. also shows there is an apparent breakdown in communication between its employees. Human Resources must not now about the orientation date for the new hires and therefore seems to be taking their time in getting all the paperwork in for each new hire. Another communication breakdown is the situation about Joe and Carl both being able to book the training room to use on June 15th. There are many alternative solutions for Carl to successfully meet his orientation deadline of June 15th and have the new trainees ready to start work for the Operations Manager by July. Carl should contact Monica Carrolls, the Operations Manager, and find out if there is anyone in the company who would be able to help assist him with getting everything in order for orientation. If there is no one in the company available to help Carl at this time, then Carl needs to find out if he has the authority to hire an outside source, if he does not, then wh o does? Time is of the  essence to have everything competed for orientation. This person will help assist Carl in completing the following tasks; contacting each new hire to schedule a drug test, make sure all necessary documents are completed, turned in, find someone in the company who has a complete orientation manual, make copies, and find a new place to have orientation. Carl is new and this his 1st recruitment orientation, he should be held responsible to check in with the Operations Manager or whoever is Carl’s Manager and give them a daily report of what he has accomplished each day and what is left to still be accomplished to meet the orientation date. All of these solutions are a Band-Aid and will aid in Carl successfully holding orientation. However, they are not solutions for the root of the problems facing ABC, Inc. Even though the struggle focuses on Carl Robins and his inability to do his job correctly, the proposed solution is directed towards ABC, Incorporated Management Team. The Management Team should be held responsible. Carl Robins is new to the company. It is apparent that Carl’s lack of experience and work history is not matched up properly for the position of recruiter. Carl clearly does not understand what it takes for him to hold successfully orientation on June 15th. Carl is going blindly about his job responsibilities without a clear understanding of time restraints for each task he needs to perform. There should be supervision over Carl on a daily basis due to this being his 1st recruitment orientation assignment. ABC, Inc. Management Team should put into place a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for each position in the company. Clearly outlining each position and it responsibilities as well as including a flow chart showing who each position reports to. At this time, it is recommended that ABC, Inc. have each and every employee attend a several work seminars. It would be best for the company to start with a seminar that will focus on learning how to communicate well with each other inside the company, how to speak up about company problems and ask for help, and learn how to work together as a team unit. A time management seminar is highly suggested and would be of great help to the company as well. Each employee should learn time management skills, how to manage their time, their workflow, and how to prioritize their job responsibilities. Another recommendation, department mangers take a seminar about being team leaders. They need to understand what exactly their employees are doing in their daily routines. Department  managers are strongly encouraged to meet with each employee and have a one on one meeting. The meeting should target each manager finding out how the employee feels about their position, what they feel the pros and cons are for their position, and if the employee have any struggles in their position that need attention. These seminars and personal one on one attention with the employees will give tools for each employee to use in becoming successful in their positions and the company as a whole. It will also boost employee morale and would be a great gesture on the company’s behalf to show the employees that the company values them, is willing to investing time in each one of them, and you care about them. In return, the company should see significant improvement in time management and communication. References Case Study for Student Analysis, University of Phoenix, 2014

Sexual Abuse In the Catholic Church :: Paedophilia Catholic Church

The Catholic Church is right now struggling with a very serious and grave scandal, Sexual Abuse of catholic priests and Paedophilia. Within the last year the Catholic Church has had to dispense over 100 million dollars in sexual abuse settlements*** (find source). However, the crisis became mainstream when two Catholic priests in Boston were accused of abusing over 100 boys and young men. The church worldwide has felt repercussions from this scandal. In fact, it even resulted in the call of all American cardinals who are healthy enough to travel to a summit in the Vatican with Pope John Paul the second. There are several issues at play as this scandal continues. In this paper I hope to look at the actual scandals involving retired priest Paul Shanley and defrocked priest John Geoghan. These two men served as priests in the Boston community for over 20 years under the leadership of three different Cardinals. Throughout their years of service they had sexual relationships with males ranging from the age of 4 to 26. Only within the past year were legal steps taken against them. John Geoghan was tried and convicted and Paul Shanley’s case is still under investigation. In the Catholic Church, priests are the moral authority. When one has questions with his faith he is taught that he can go to his priest for informed answers. In this paper I also hope to deal with how these priests failed their flock. They took advantage of men who came to them for help when in trouble and preyed on the little boys who came to the church for guidance. In addition to the tacit feeling that as a priest they will only do what is right, these men told their victims that they would deal with the moral implications. I also hope to look at the role of the Cardinals in this whole affair. The Catholic Church teaches that these men are responsible for the priests under their care, as well as the people. Fathers Geoghan and Shanley served under three Boston Cardinals and they were still allowed to continue preying on the people in their parish. The people of the church depend on their Cardinals to keep the archdiocese in order, and these men failed the people they are supposed to guide. The question then arises: how much responsibility should these Cardinals take. In order to answer that question I shall look at Cardinal Bernard Law.

Incorrigible Children Book Essay

In the beginning of the book, the main characters start to make progress towards their goals. When Alexander is trying to learn his name the closest he can come to is â€Å"Loyally† (55). Even if Alexander did not get his name correct, I?s hard to pronounce his name. Alexander hard work may have not gotten him to his goal, but it was an improvement from howling. After a long day of working on not chasing squirrels, â€Å"The children would quiver and tremble†¦ But they were soon able to resist actually chasing the squirrels for whole minutes at a time† (89). All the children tried very hard.Along with the children's hard work they improved on kicking their squirrel chasing habits. The beginning of the book, the main character goals are becoming slightly closer As the book progresses the main characters determination has started to pay off. Lady Constance was somewhat pleased when Penelope told her the children†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Have learned the words for many common it ems, such as ball, doily and so forth† (70). Lady Constance is seeing improvements in the children because of Penelope' work toward the kids. If it wasn't for Pongee's interest in the kids there would be no improvement in their education.The kids not know enough words to be creative and recite a poem that goes, â€Å"Moon, moon, moon. Night, no moon? Dark. Night, yes moon? Light! Yes, moon! Ahwooooo† (92). Penelope is thrilled to know that the poetry she has read the children has inspired them to creativity is proving that the kids are starting to live normal-sis lives. As the book progresses what the main characters have done is starting help them. At the end of the book the main characters realize that hard work really does pay off. â€Å"Alexander. Please to make your acquaintance† (193).Alexander has earned to talk and is greeting guests at the Lady and Lord's Christmas party. At the beginning of the book, Alexander could not talk at all. In the beginning of the book progress is made to completing the goals Penelope has set for the children. Later on in the story some of the smaller goals have been met in civilizing the children. Finally at the end of the book, all of the hard work paid off and the children have taken the first step to becoming more like normal children. Mayors Wood used her book, The Incorrigible Children of Gaston Place, to show the readers that if you try hard, you will never fail.

Nvq Level 5 Leadership Essay

2 Be able to implement and monitor compliance with health, safety and risk management requirements in health and social care or children and young people’s settings 2.1 see more:explain why it is important for emergency first aid tasks only to be carried out by qualified . Demonstrate compliance with health, safety and risk management procedures 2.2 . Support others to comply with legislative and organisational health, safety and risk management policies, procedures and practices relevant to their work 2.3 Explain the actions to take when health, safety and risk management, procedures and practices are not being complied with 2.4 Complete records and reports on health, safety and risk management issues according to legislative and organisational requirements 3 Be able to lead the implementation of policies, procedures and practices to manage risk to individuals and others in health and social care or children and young people’s settings 3.1 Contribute to development of policies, procedures and practices to identify, assess and manage risk to individuals and others 3.2 Work with individuals and others to assess potential risks and hazards 3.3 Work with individuals and others to manage potential risks and hazards 4 Be able to promote a culture where needs and risks are balanced with health and safety practice in health and social care or children and young people’s settings 4.1 Work with individuals to balance the management of risk with individual rights and the views of others 4.2 Work with individuals and others to develop a balanced approach to risk management that takes into account the benefits for individuals of risk taking 4.3 Evaluate own practice in promoting a balanced approach to risk management 4.4 Analyse how helping others to understand the balance between risk and rights improves practice 5 Be able to improve health, safety and risk management policies, procedures and practices in health and social care or children and young people’s settings 5.1 Obtain feedback on health, safety and risk management policies, procedures and practices from individuals and others 5.2 Evaluate the health, safety and risk management policies, procedures and practices within the work setting. 5.3 Identify areas of policies, procedures and practices that need improvement to ensure safety and protection in the work setting. 5.4 Recommend changes to policies, procedures and practices that ensure safety and protection in the work setting

Leadership and professional issues The WritePass Journal

Leadership and professional issues Introduction Leadership and professional issues IntroductionLeadership and Influencing PracticeIdentified organizationThe need for changeLeadership styleQualities of an efficient leader Theories and traits of LeadershipImplementation of changeSWOT analysis  Factors influencing leadershipRole of partnership workingEvaluationConclusionReference listRelated Introduction In this era health care industry is booming out the shell. Most of the organizations focus on providing high quality care to patients by insisting changes according to nouveau. Hence, every organization requires an efficient leader for achieving likely hood of success in the delivery of standard care. The leader should have certain skills and qualities for the productive implementation and management of a change. So this activity discusses the leadership qualities, skills, theories, vision, values, and beliefs that are needed for effective leadership to implement a proposed change of â€Å"Introduction of an alcohol based hand rub to reduce nosocomial infections in intensive care unit. Moreover, this paper discusses the factors that can influence the leadership style and strategies for the implementation and identifies pertinent problems that can occur during the process of change introduction. In addition, the barriers of intended implementation of change, role of partnership working and stakeholders are briefly explained in this coursework folder. Also it reveals the role of leadership to resolve the associated problems during the implementation of proposed change. Democratic leadership style is adopted for the successful implementation of the intended change. Lewin’s three step change management model and SWOT analysis is also chosen in this dissertation for guidance in managing and implementing this radical change. Leadership and Influencing Practice In fact, Leadership is the supervision or direction of a group of people towards a meticulous idea and it comprises one leader who led a group by providing information and inspiration. According to the view of Wright (1989), Leadership is the ability to recognize a goal, come up with a strategy for achieving that goal and motivate the team and putting the strategy to action.   Meanwhile, Zilembo and Monterosso (2008) illustrated that leadership is discriminated by the interconnections between people, their relationships and influence. Ideally a leader tries to influence his acolytes for achieving the goal of organization. Ellis and Abbott (2010) also stated that leadership is a social process and one individual persuades the behavior of group members without the use of threats or aggression. In other words, leadership is discovering the route forward and stirring others to follow. A good leader has the ability to manage and to preserve the present while planning the future (Nazarko, 2007). Similarly, a clinical leader is directly involved in clinical care that incessantly improves the care through persuading others (Stanley, 2006). Additionally, it is an ability of supporting the people towards introverted goals and allowing them to take invention to attain that goal.   The impact of leadership is to enhance the sense of fortitude, team cohesiveness and competency of individuals for the successful execution of a new change. Koch (2007, p.448) stated that in this contemporary world leadership is a central component which conduce the individuals, groups, organizations, regions, states and even nations to perform in an efficient manner. The main attribute of leadership is to exhort others or incite by words to perpetrate a common task. The process of leadership comprises of various characteristics. The leadership process involves five interwoven aspects: the le ader, the follower, the situation, the communication process and the goals (Huber, p.8). Identified organization Hospitals are composite organisational systems whose primary intention to deliver clinical care to individual patients (Dijkstra et al. 2006). There are formal as well as informal sub systems, in which here I am choosing intensive care units for the introduction of identified change. The intensive care units provide intensive care to patients in hospitals. In reality, the intensive care units are initiated by Florence Nightingale in 1854 for treating seriously injured soldiers (Neuhauser, 2003). Now, most of the hospitals contain intensive care units for handling serious clients. It also divided in to different departments according to the condition or disease of patient like cardiac, nephrology, neurology, etc. In everywhere, nosocomial infections are the major threat of patients in intensive care unit. Poor hand hygiene and inadequate disinfection methods are the main reasons for transmission of nosocomial infections. So, it is essential to introduce a change in the use of hand rub s for the delivery of quality care. The need for change Patient safety is of high utility and is a critical problem that hospitals are facing these days thus, it is imperative to improve quality and safety in health care. A change has been identified in order to diminish the risk of infection in health care domains especially in critical care units. Nosocomial infections are a major risk to patients in intensive care unit. The major reason in the transmission of these organisms is poor hand hygiene.   Indeed, hand hygiene is one of the most imperative components in the prevention of nosocomial infection. This change has been elected in order to reduce the jeopardy of infection in health care domains especially in intensive care units. The intended change identified for current practice is introduction of an alcohol based hand rub to reduce nosocomial infections in intensive care unit. Certainly, hand washing plays an important role in hospital infection control, especially in intensive care unit. Hence, introduction of alcohol based hand rub is very essential to reduce the transmission of infected bacteria and in order to increase the quality of patient care. In intensive care domains, skin irritation from frequent washing, reduced time due to high workload and simply forgetting are the main reasons for poor hand hygiene.   According to Brown et al. (2003) alcohol based hand rubs provides excellent rapid killing of virus and bacteria. Moreover, it shows significant increases in compliance with hand hygiene with associated decrease in the rate of nosocomial infection. Mody et al. (2003) also agreed that hand antisepsis is the most effectual and least expensive measure to avert transmission of nosocomial infections. It also seems that alcohol based hand rub is faster, more convenient, and less drying method of hand hygiene. The evidence of Kaier et al. (2009) and Samuel et al. (2005) strongly recommend the disinfection of hands with alcohol based hand rub in intensive care units because of its inarguable role in reducing the prevalence of nosocomial infections. Leadership style Indeed, an effective leader makes structure, implement processes for nursing care and facilitate optimistic outcomes. The selection of relevant leadership style also part of characteristics of a good leader. These styles are helpful in providing direction for motivating people to practice the intended change.   Fleming (2004, p.10) stated that leadership style is contingent on a combination of three factors, namely, the leaders, the supporters and the circumstances. Leadership style gives direction in executing plans and inspiring the people.   There are four characteristics of leadership styles that can be identified such as production centered or task oriented leadership, person oriented or person centered leadership, authoritarian or autocratic leadership and participative or democratic leadership. To implement the proposed change democratic or participative leadership is advantageous because this particular style tends to generate cooperation and collaboration which aids in r educing the interpersonal conflicts. In democratic or participative leadership, the leader shares decision making regarding group activities with subordinates (Fleming, 2004). In one of the studies Sims (2009) point out that following participative leadership, the followers endorsed input into decision making and problem solving. Vesterinen (2009) pointed out that the democratic leaders permitted the group members to plan and do their work themselves, so they more engaged in their work. Moreover, the leaders believe their employees and discuss their work together. According to Kenmore (2008), one of the additional benefits of democratic style is developing the employee commitment and creating the ideas. On top of it, by following democratic style, the leaders describe the limits of task and what is required however they   allow the team members as more responsible to decide how can achieve the task( Ellis and Abbot 2010). But in contrast Greenfield (2007) highlighted that the particular form of style is time consuming and in certain cases the leader has been willing to presume control. Qualities of an efficient leader Leadership implies numerous enduring characteristics that are imperative for influencing others and to make considerable contributions in an organization (Girvin,1998).Therefore, by following good leadership the leader must have certain qualities (Sims, 2009). In context to the proposed change leadership qualities play a pivotal role in the successful accomplishment of a task. A high-quality leader should know what they want to achieve, care about the organization or team, and act morally and with modesty (Ellis and Abbott, 2010). According to Rigolosi (2005) the qualities of leadership are: good communication skills, inter personal relationship, reliability, inspiration, recognition of goals, articulating vision and proper knowledge. In addition, he or she should work constantly with honesty, should be able to get team members to share their goals and always focus on the team members. These qualities are crucial for overcoming resistance and for the implementation of a planned chang e. There are other characteristics that involves in a good leadership. Since, leadership skills like communication skills, management skills and patient care skills play an important role in a good leadership and it help to manage the situations (Grossman, 2007); a leader should be a good communicator. Good communication will helps to bring eloquence to a situation and they can well communicate with their team members. For the introduction of alcohol based hand rub, leader should be eager to share their knowledge as well as collaborate with team members. As well an effective leader should be able to create a healthy work environment and encourage the nurses to interact with others. Also, leader should have self-awareness and good listening skills and should be flexible and assist followers to develop their practices. Eventually, he has to act as a mentor and identifies their own strength and weakness. Leadership skills and competencies are also obliging in bridging the gap between the visions and reality. Sylvie et al. (2007, p.30) concluded that leadership skills are essential in executing the plans into realities and the fundamental skills required in leadership are: communication and listening skills, coaching, empowerment, decisiveness, delegation, assertiveness, problem solving, conflict management, goal settings and negotiation skills. These qualities and skills of leadership consist of high values that can help to sort out the issues that may arise while executing a change of alcohol hand rub introduction. Theories and traits of Leadership According to Sims (2009) there are several theories includes in leadership such as trait theory, behavior theory, task oriented, relationship oriented, transactional, transformational, afflictive and coaching. To bring resilience and to provide direction throughout the change process â€Å"The Kurt Lewin change theory model† will be used. According to Beverland and Lindgreen (2007) this model characterises change as a condition of disparity among driving forces (insists for change) and restraining forces (insists against change). A force-field analysis is to be done to assess the driving and restraining forces. Kassean and Jagoo (2005) described that Lewin’s model comprises of three phases namely: unfreezing, movement and refreezing. Implementation of change In unfreezing stage people are motivated to bring alcohol hand rub in the current practice, by assisting them in identifying the requirement for change. In this phase the team members can be motivated to accept the anticipated change by making enhancing awareness about the strengths of the proposed change and the weaknesses of the current practice. During the movement stage new alternative approaches are used by substituting to the older attitudes, values and behaviours. Where as in moving stage the change is plan in detail and then instigate. This stage includes health educational classes, demonstration of hand washing methods, training programs and wide consultations from multi disciplinary team involves internal and external stake holders.   Moreover, each stakeholder plays an important role in planning of a new change. Before the implementation of change it is necessary to scrutinize the availability of resources, cost for new disinfectant (alcohol based hand rub). A complete p lan of introduction of new hand rub measures for health care givers can be discussed with the chosen external stakeholders. Whilst, in the final phase of this model that is refreezing phase the incumbent attitudes, values and behaviours are ascertained as a latest status quo. In refreezing the change is stabilized at the new level within the organization. In this phase the nurses are given the opportunity to thrive and take advantage of the alterations made. As well the leader assists with preservation and evaluation because functions stabilize and the change is included into the systems. In this final phase the traditional practice of poor hand washing will completely remove from the intensive care unit and the change of hand rubbing with alcohol based solution begins to practice. Overall, these phases of the Lewin’s model provide guidance about influencing other people and how to make the implemented change as a standard change. SWOT analysis Certain logistical impediments might arise while working towards the accomplishment of the proposed change. To avoid the adversities in the implementation of a sustained change it is essential to identify the probable hindering factors by using various leadership skills juxtaposed with leadership strategies. Subsequently, the recognized factors must be discussed with the other group members. To formulate strategies accordingly SWOT analysis will be performed. Houben et al. (1999) evaluated that the recognition of SWOT (strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats) is beneficial to focus on strategies for change. The relevant interlocking issues which seem to hamper the attainment of this change are inertia of preceding practice, lack of interest, lack of decentralization of information and cost of alcohol hand rubs. To subdue these obstructing factors it is important to establish a sense of importance, make vision, coalition to direct the change, conquer resistance to change and th en the work must be initiated for the successful accomplishment of a task.   Factors influencing leadership In general, there are some factors, which influence the leadership style such as earlier superiors, values, information, collaboration and education (Vesterinen, 2009). The earlier superiors persuade the leadership in two ways. Some leaders may follow the superior’s behavior as a stimulating example, where as others avoid some habits of their earlier superiors.   Furthermore, values of the organization can affect the leadership styles for the introduction of new hand rub methods. Communication problems also have the negative outcome on change implementation in intensive care units. Other factors will be collaboration and co-operation with colleagues. Additionally, education also will affect the leader’s thoughts and opinions regarding the introduction of innovation. It supports the leaders by offering tools to assess their own leadership from diverse point of views. Role of partnership working In addition, partnership working is very important in implementation of proposed change to attain a successful implemented change. The implementation of alcohol hand rub can include stakeholders like hospital management, physicians, and consultants, other paramedical staff and external stakeholders. Carroll and Edmondson (2002) concluded that executives have to eloquent a convincing vision of a learning culture that assisted stakeholders to perceive savings as supportive common goals. Lammon et al. (2010) affirmed that effective partnership engrosses shared responsibility for improving patient outcomes. So the leader must joint involve to the partnership through shared knowledge, property, assets, activities and meetings. According to Stanley (2007) generating an effective partnership between organizations should make a new or diverse way of working together.. Besides, each stakeholder plays important role in anticipated change into practice and continuing this practice. The leader can engage the both internal and external stakeholders (health care agencies) to achieve a successful change. For internal stakeholders the leader can arrange educational programs and enhance the members to take inventiveness in attending educational sessions. Also leaders can monitor for practice the change for achievement. Likewise leaders can arrange the training session for external stakeholders to investigate the benefits of change Evaluation Evaluation has a pivotal role in motivating and planning change (Petro-Nustas, 1996). A comprehensive evaluation is required to generate options and solutions. It not only gives guidance for institutional problem solving but also provides a foundation for judging whether decisions either to terminate or institutionalize special projects were made on justifiable grounds. According to Senior and Fleming (2006, p.108) the evaluation phase of the change process allows choices in a decision area. Execution of a new change has substantial effects on the practice patterns of the health care providers. Hence, there is always a requirement to audit the current state for converting the change into best practice. Cummings and Worley (2006, p. 663) defined that evaluation feedback is the information about the overall effects of a change program.   Feedback is considerable for evaluation since information will be gathered from health care personals and patients by conducting interviews and group deliberations using questionnaires. Factual data collected from patients and nurses’ feedback will help in appraising the effectiveness of the proposed change. Panel and group discussions will also aid in reviewing the identified change. Moreover, clinical assessments can be performed by observing clinical practice in action to find out whether the educational curriculums assisted in improving the quality of care. The use of all these evaluation strategies can be helpful in predicting the success rate of the identified change. Conclusion To sum up, nosocomial infections are the major risk of patients in intensive care unit introduction of alcohol based hand rub reduces the nosocomial infection and improves the quality of care of the critically ill patients in the intensive care unit. Moreover, appropriate leadership styles, theories, qualities, values, beliefs and vision are help to achieve an effective leadership. On top of it, partnership working that includes role of internal and external stake holders plays an imperative role in the implementation of an identified change to attain a successful implemented change. However, there are some barriers and factors can affect the implementation of proposed change. Lewin’s theory helps to overcome these barriers and factors before the implementation of an intended change. Further evaluation can be done with clinical visit or analyzing feedback reports regarding the experience with alcohol hand rub and its effects in reducing nosocomial infection. 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EBSCOhost [Online].   Available at:   http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=1hid=111sid=9ef25987-cd49-41b2-a417-32c14e3dd849%40sessionmgr115 [Accessed on: 24 April 2011]. Wright, S.G. (1989) Changing Nursing Practice. 2nd ed.   Arnold. Zilembo, M. and Monterosso, L. (2008) Nursing students and perceptions of desirable leadership qualities in nurse preceptors: A descriptive survey. Contemporary Nurse, 27(2), p.194-206. EBSCOhost [Online]. Available at: http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=1hid=110sid=f709ed50d801-433b-9d53-51876f1f048f%40sessionmgr110 [Accessed on: 24 April 2011]. Leadership and Professional Issues Introduction Leadership and Professional Issues IntroductionReferenceRelated Introduction Modern leaders are faced with a situation in which change is the only constant on which they can rely. The difficulty is to decide what these   will be, and it can be argued that it is only by planning that the nature of the changes taking place can be fully charted and understood. In fact managers take into account possible changes in deciding a course of action, in the form of contingency plans. Change Management is the effective tool to helps the leaders and managers in these issues.It is the process of preparing, positioning, leading and governing the energies of organization members and of expending all organizational possessions to attain stated organizational objectives. In the settings in which the managers and leaders work, change is the usual direction of effects and the most significant management ability in the organization of change. Health care organizations will have objectives. They   have a purpose of being in existence and continuing their work for ensuring high quality service to the residents. For that an effective leadership is very imperative Leadership is the process of inspiring other persons to perform in specific ways in order to attain precise objectives. Good leadership can result in victory, poor leadership can result in let-down, and this   can be delivered by one person or by a team of people. An important part of the management part is to provide leadership of one type or another, because leadership is about providing course for an organization, creating decision on the approaches and procedures to attain organizational aims and serving to launch the style and philosophy of an organization. The word leader derives from words meaning a path or road and suggests the importance of guidance on a journey. Both the word itself and the role of leader are looking advancing, classifying the way ahead or steering others towards agreed objectives. The main features in attaining outcomes in an establishment is to be   contingent on the self-concept and standards of the staffs, their principles, insolences, spirits, performance, and the specific results of the variations they look for. These depend on many chief influences such as management,motivation and more considerable subordinate rudiments. Rosewood in a health care organisation, providing caring for elderly, where there are thirty eight employees and more than seventy two inhabitants. This is located in the western parts of England where I work at present. Here in this health care organization it has been found that the changes should be made through in the staffs’ training and motivation, or classes given to the employees as there is a visible failure in the jobs allocated to each and every staffs, whether new or experienced. . I have done a serious exploration on the full realities and particular findings, and have selected a change theory with clear endorsemen ts. The resolution of this essay is to put some sunlit on the causes and circumstances why strategic change ingenuities based on new community management is mistaken. The essentiality for health care organisations to continually acclimatise and change in order to realize viable success has now developed as part of conventional organizational thinking. The policy fluctuations and improvements disturbing health care have subsidized to a state where organisational change is a long-term feature of lifetime in health care subdivisions Although leadership is most obviously seen at times of high drama, it can ascend in all sort of situations when a person takes responsibility and chooses what to do later. It can be contended that people can display qualities of leadership in a variety of situations. These qualities are usually to be seen in the taking of decisions and sharing to the followers in such a way that deed is taken. In this case I thought of assuming myself to be the leader and adopt an affiliative leadership style and strategies for implementing the change. The affiliative style revolves around people to create coordination and keep the care givers and other employees happy .The objective is to create strong loyalty, improve communications and the sharing of ideas and initiatives. This style   allows for innovation and risk-taking and liberty for people to carry out their jobs in the way they think is most effective, but only bounding to the rules and regulations of the organization. This   style provides strong positive feedbacks and is highly motivating. As in the issue this organisation is pertaining to the encouragement of the employees this style of approach is particularly effective for team building and creating emotional links between team members by showing an interest in their personal lives and praising people at every opportunity. On the other hand, focus on it may mean that poor performance is tolerated and others may feel that they do not have a guiding sense of direction. If it is linked to an authoritative style this to overcome these demerits, only when the situation demands. Health care organizations and its working is multifaceted, with high levels of concentration that are determined perhaps unavoidably by the complexity of human body, the mind and the societal world in which we are living. The complication and shattering of health care make harmonization remarkably problematic. Then ascends the delinquency of excellence of facilities distributed to the residents and the to the person it selves. However the harmonization difficulties have seemed to have become inferior rather than improved over the years. These might be the explanations which signs to the dropping excellence of work and the performance of support workers. There is a need for reengineering in the areas of staff interviews, job allocation and motivation, which will in fact be a planned answer to change where some disagreement can be predictable. New objectives and variations which are to be made should inject the stimulus of motivation, productivity and standardisation. The method of reengineering will include the inside and outside valuation of various factors, visioning, scheduling, testing and obviously should start from the nick. The organization and restoration team can assist in this alteration process by showing their obligation to the innovative procedure and by representing that is extremely valued by the organisation. Here it is essential that the organization and employee must become acquainted to the degree of the change and not descended to the new process. Any opposition on the changes can be minimized by enduring message, staff participation and good instruction about change and how to deal with. All leaders have to act, they have to perform and show results. There may be many ways of doing this, but it can be argued that actions speak louder than words. When change has become necessary in Rosewood, the hardest problem is to persuade people (all employees) to agree on the causes of difficulties. One way of doing this may be to emphasise the faults occurred, an inspirational speech and try to cajole people to improve. The most effective managers today rely on expert, referent and connection power than on coercive, legitimate reward or information power. Leaders are now tend to use personal power rather than positional power as management structures have become flatter and management practice more open. Information is now more widely shared and management is seen as a form of partnership in order to achieve agreed objectives. The process of achieving behavioural and attitudinal change involves unfreezing the situation, changing it and then refreezing it into the new mould. This ideal was developed by Lewin in the year 1959,and is known to be Lewin’s three step model. This   process requires a high level of communication and consultation in order to convince people that the changes are necessary. All members including the leader should identify the need of the change and the fault in the present system. The period of change is often associated with analysis of the present situation and why anew one needs to be developed. A change agent can be involved at this stage, which may be an organisational development specialist who performs a systematic diagnosis of the organisation and identifies work related problems. The role of this person is to gather and analyse information through personal interviews, surveys and by detecting meetings. The change agent may be an outsider who comes in as a consultant , but as I don’t feel the importance of such an outsider, the organizational unit within Rosewood can perform this task. Training is the most frequently used technique to bring about change. Here the whole organisation should be involved because this was an attempt to change behaviour and not simply skills. Team building can enhance the cohesiveness of both the health care units and whole organisation. Communication can be improved between various parts of organisation, specifically between heath care management and workers, and regarding strategic plans and their implementation. Understanding the reasons for changes in working practice and values can help employees come to terms with the changes. Consultation about the changes and their implementation can help both managers and other employees to understand and acquire ownership of the changes, particularly when they are as deep routed as values and practice. Survey   actions can be applied in order to encourage consultation and feedback. A questionnaire can be distributed to the health care workers on such matters as working practice, values and or ganisational culture. After the survey is completed, an organisational development consultant can meet with groups of employees to provide result about their response and the problems that have been identified and to discuss the way forward. As an on-going process the survey feedback action technique can used for upward feedback by which managers assess the deputy to whom they report. The leader completes a questionnaire and the overall results are then discussed by the Organisational development specialist with the top management. A meeting is charged by the organisational development specialist with the top management and the leader in order for them to express their views about their boss. This process can produce surprise for top management about how they are viewed by the people who work directly for them. This process of reverse appraisal can be applied throughout the organisation, starting at the top and working down to self-managed teams. In today’s   quality oriented and fast working environments, leaders need to update their diagnosis of the situation on   a continual basis ,rather than only when only major change is taking palce.It does, of course, have particular importance at sensitive times ,such as, when rapid expansion is taking place. The leaders and the care workers or employers are dedicated to upholding the occupant’s right of independence, and advance their excellence of life by provided that high standards of care is given to the.. For this the leader is gratified first to advance the awareness of the workers, to see that they are properly vested to provide the best that the organization expects from them. It is also vital to progress the confidence or morale of the employees in order to get the class work done by them. Morale is a state of mind built mostly on the perception of employees to their work, their managers, their peers, and their leaders. Every organisational environment or culture is uniquely different and the Visionary Motivator, who is the Leader here, must adapt a little to the culture if they want to be successful. In a health organisation the motivator will probably have to down play the   overly passionate part of their nature. In some way they may need to appear like the tenacious implementer but perhaps with more outwardly expressed drive, dedication and conscientiousness. There are two key things for the visionary motivator or the leader to hold in mechanist settings. The first is to ensure that the vision is firmly connected into the strategies, objectives and project plans. There is no rooms for an airy fairy vision that is disconnected from the everyday workings of the health care organisation. Secondly, their motivational techniques must be elegant and attuned to the mechanist culture. Exaggerated positivism is unlikely to succeed, there as motivational strategies tied into the system and structure of the organisation will be welcomed. Reward systems performance coaching and performance management would be typical techniques within the culture. One the attributes of the visionary motivator is the ability to turn problems into opportunities, reframe events positively and see the right side of life. So, in an adaptive culture where the organisation needs to have the capability to react effectively and proactively to changes they are a great asset. When looking at SWOT analysis the visionary motivator will be able to see away of exploiting the organisational strengths and environmental opportunities and way to a mitigate the organisational weaknesses and environmental threats. They will be able to reframe things positively, whatever is on the horizon, and they will help people understand the consequence of change. Theis analysis proves best when the members let their opinions to hover easily and a reminder is completed of whatever and everything that comes in mind. When seeing the condition, no problem how odd it may appear. Recruitment should involve the examination for filling the vacancy, consideration of the source of suitable candidates, drafting job advertisements and selecting media suitable to carry them, assessing appropriate salary levels for new employees, and arranging interviews and other   aspects of selections, which is the second stage in the process of recruitment. Selection requires the assessment of candidates by various means and the choice of successful candidate. External recruitment may be expensive as it involves advertising, agency fees, distribution of application forms, preparation of short lists, writing for reference, interviewing and other related expenses. The changing stage happens when people begin to test with new performance and learn new skills in the work force. This procedure is measured by the interference of structural growth expert and others, with exact plan for training and development of managers and employees. Training programmes will highlight the new values and approach, such as customer first programmes, quality developments and investors in people. Team building is encouraged, consultation on health work practice and symbolic leadership activities introduced. The rejection of change may be particularly vehement at the beginning of the stage, followed later by acceptance. Gradually, the people who have most strongly rejected the change may be the ones who most wholeheartedly come to accept them. The refreezing stage occurs when individuals acquire the new attitudes, values and behaviours and are rewarded for them by the organisation. The organisational development specialist will improve help for everybody to change and an increasing number of people will look for help to adjust to the new values and approaches. The impact of new behaviours will be evaluated and reinforced. The reinforcement will be through training programmes, team meetings and the reward system. The organisational development process suggests techniques which leaders should apply continuously in organisation so that change is the accept norm rather than the occasional and rare phenomenon. In this sense the use of terms such as unfreezing and refreezing suggests an end to the process before it starts again. In the altering of attitudes and behaviour it can be argues that in fact this is what often happens. While strategic change can be incremental, a step at a time it is not always like this. The theory is that the managers sense the changes required in the environment in which there organisations are working the gradually adapt to these changes through adjustments to the strategic plan and its implementation. By way of many features of organization there are no modest answers or correct retorts. The range of hypothetical and unbending works is perhaps best stared as a collection of capitals that covers a range of valuable material which will be appropriate at dissimilar peri ods and in different settings reliant on   the nature and the background of alteration. Structural change management receipts into discussion both the events and getups that managers use to sort changes at a physical level. Most institutions want change to be practical with the smallest fight and with the most real consequence as possible. For this to happen, change must be practical with an organized approach so that change from one type of behaviour to another organization wide will be smooth. 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